There are so many details in the photo looking southward down Whitehall that I have divided it into two parts.

In this first half of the picture we see many of the buildings which made Whitehall the commercial center of Atlanta in 1864. Among them the three-story building belonging to Beach & Root, the blockade-running cotton brokerage which operated a line of 12 steamships and had 11 warehouses across Atlanta. Holbrook's Hat Emporium was located by the giant hat out on the sidewalk, while the horse's head on the building behind it indicated the Mitchell & O'Connor saddlery shop in the basement. Markham's "Iron Front" - formerly known as Parr's Hall - had many commericial spaces to rent. On the iron column at the southwest corner of the intersection is another one of those posters that is discussed in the "Mysteries" section.

Inset A is a sign painted at the top of the building which apparently is next to the Markham building (it is difficult to tell due to the flat perspective of Barnard's camera.) I have found no merchant with a first initial "H" whose last name begins with "BR" so it is not known to whom this in in reference.

Inset B shows the partial name of "J.W. He(w)" written on the Alabama Street side of the Markham Building. Again, I have found no information about this person or his business. Equally mysterious is the sign painter, a man apparently named Merkle?)

Whatever business Mr. J.W. had, either his office or the one next to it has been commandeered during the occupation by the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which - as seen in Inset C - has posted a sign across two of the decorative iron columns. Because it is difficult to read the sign at such an angle, I have tried to recreate the lettering at a slightly less acute angle.

In Inset D, we see that there was a stairway here that led down to the lower floors, where there was apparently room for other shops as well as, presumably, storage for the spaces above.

Inset E. shows that a paved crosswalk (highlighted in the inset) existed between the west and east sides of Whitehall Street, which presumably was greatly appreciated by the women of Atlanta, whose skirts would have otherwise gotten wet or dirty as they visited the various stores along this block.

This is the east side of Whitehall Street looking south from Alabama Street. Hunter Street cuts across at about the center of the picture. Among the buildings north of that intersection should be the Herring "Glass Front" Building, which, according to contempory newspaper ads was located at 40 Whitehall. The building housed H.W. Herring & Son's fine clothing store, along with several other businesses.

One of those was J.K. Hagen & Co./ The Planters and Mechanics Dry Goods Store. Inset A shows a sign which must be for that concern; certainly the only legible word on the sign appears to be "mechanics," but the rest of the sign can be made out with some effort.

Inset B shows a damaged building further down the street, near the intersection with Mitchell. Also within Inset B is what many scholars seem to agree was a shoe factory which either was a private concern that made shoes under Confederate contract or was directly owned by the government. Inset D shows the sign for the factory more clearly.

Inset C, shows a sign which is mounted on a building on the southwest corner of Hunter and Whitehall. This sign clearly says "dentist" but the smaller writing above is not so legible. I personally believe from my research that this is the for the offices of doctors Samuel Hape and Arthur Ford.

Inset E is the second giant boot we have seen. The first was in front of the Dimick, Joyce store seen in Picture V1-4. This, however, was described in newspaper ads as the "mammoth boot" of F.M. Eddleman and Brothers, sellers of "boots, shoes, leather and findings"

Inset F shows several things, beginning with a smashed gas lamp. It has been knocked askew and the casing around the mantle has been severely twisted and bent. It is known that Solomon Luckie, a popular free black barber, was leaning against a lamppost on the east side of Whitehall Street when a shell exploded nearby and a fragment struck both the lamp and Luckie, who soon afterwards died of loss of blood. That lamp post has always been described as on the "James Bank" corner, that is the northeast corner of Whitehall and Alabama. That lamp post is visible in Picture V3-2. Although it also is damaged, it does not show the amount of damage as this one does. The lamp by which Luckie was wounded has been venerated for several years, but I wonder if the correct lamp has been identified.

Also seen in Inset F is an outdoor scale of the kind of grocer would use. G.W. Jack sold fruit, toys and candy on the east side of Whitehall between Alabama and Hunter. A woman named Mrs. Knox ran a millinery shop above Jack's store and it appears that the sign beside the scale reads "Millinery."

Inset G provides a close-up of the damage left behind from a building which apparently has been razed or leveled. Although this may have been done by artillery fire, it seems that the lot has been well cleared, something neither citizens under seige or occupying foces would seem inclined to do. This store is very nearly across the street from where Richard's bookstore

should have been located and he mentions a fire that damaged a building across the street in May 1862; perhaps it was this building.

One final detail about this picture, and that is the street poles. A person looking at Barnard's photos carefully will see these poles in virtually every picture, yet I cannot explain their function. They do not seem to be poles for street signs, since they appear at regular intervals and not always at intersections. They would not seem to be poles for telegraph wires, since they lack insulators and the only telegraph I know of in the city was strung to the Gate City Hotel, seen in Picture V3-2.

This is Alabama Street looking east from an elevated position somewhere near the northeastern corner of its intersection with Whitehall. Barnard has turned his camera about 45 degrees eastward from his position in Pictures V3-1a & b. It is actually one half of a stereogram and I have chosen to annotate that half which offers the most details.

In the photo we see that a ladder has been placed against one of the street posts seen in several photos, possibly to help Barnard take these elevated shots. We also see three soldiers positioned in the street in an approximation of "parade rest." The other soldiers in the picture are moving at their ease, so possibly these three soldiers have been assigned to Barnard and are assisting him with crowd and traffic control as he takes these photographs. The building at the extreme left is the James Bank Building. We can only see the buildings on the south side of Alabama Street, but it is known that beside the James Bank building on north Alabama stood the old Holland House hotel and, further down, a series of warehouses - possibly those used by the Confederae army as its commissary depot.

On the corner of the James Bank building are a couple of the posters we have been seeing all over town and which are discussed in greater detail in the "Mysteries" section. We also see the street lamp at the northeast corner of Whitehall and Alabama; the one by which Solomon Luckie was supposedly standing when the free black barber was fatally struck by a richocheting shell fragament. Although it is damaged, it is not so heavily damaged as one further down Whitehall and seen in photo V3-1b.

This photograph looks very far down Alabama Street, all the way into the Macon and Western Railroad yards. In Inset A we see a very tall wooden framework, possibly for a warehouse. It is not finished, leaving us to wonder if it was under construction or had been partially dismantled to supply the occupying troops with firewood or shelter.

Inset B shows in better detail one of the two masts we see in the photo. This one is located somewhere to the southeast of the main part of downtown; the other is atop the Franklin Printing House (Inset C), already one of the tallest structures in town. These masts are discussed in greater detail in the "Mysteries" section. Franklin Printing was one of the largest publishers in the state and had two steam presses custom-made by the Noble Bros. in Rome. Its building also housed several other commercial interests, including the Stonewall Insurance Co. and Inman Cole & Co. Grocers.

Inset D shows a detail of another commerical building, the name of which I have not been able to determine. Like other buildings in Atlanta it played host to several diverse businesses. In addition to the furniture store advertised at the top of the building, it also was host to the offices of "J.C. Hendrix" (Inset E), whose profession was listed as "trader" in the postwar Barnwell's city directory.

Inset F shows the offices of the Centrai Rail Road Banking Agency, an institution created by the founders of the Macon and Western Railroad to

finance their venture. After considerable study I am led to beleive that this was also the location of the Bank of Fulton, the only bank in Atlanta to survive the war and which in the modern day is known as Wachovia Bank.

Inset G shows a telegraph pole standing near the Gate City Hotel (Inset I), which served as the headquarters of the Confederate Army Signal Corps until the Federal artillery bombardment in August, 1864. Even before that, the hotel was the only place in town that i have found that people could send and receive telegrams.

Inset H shows the signage atop the Planters Hotel, which stood beside the Gate City Hotel, although separated by Pryor Street (which did not, incidently, continue past this point across the Railroad Gulch, but resumed at Decatur Street.) The sign on the left appears to advertise a restaurant called "The New Eating House"; the sign on the right appears to call attention to the "Atlanta Billiard Hall" two pastimes presumably enjoyed by hotel clientele.

Finally, Inset J points out the location of Sion B. Robson's Grocery and Produce store, located almost at the end of the street, near its intersection with Loyd.