This false "panoramic view" is what one would see if they were standing in the Georgia Railroad freight yard at a point just west of Loyd Street and looking northwestward toward the Macon & Western Depot. It is the most complete view of the downtown business district available. Most of the major buildings of the central business district are visible, including the Trout House, the Masonic Hall and, of course, the Car Shed. As before, I have artificlally colored the sky and parts of the ground cover to enhance the effect.

This view is actually made up of three pictures, two of which are part of a single stereogram made by Barnard. I have annotated each half of that stereograph separately because there are so many details that they should be discussed separately. And in some cases, one half offers a better view of some features than does the other. For example, in Picture V4-1a, the Atheneum is hardly visible, but it is much better seen in V4-1b.

Both photos V4-1a and V4-1b show at least two of the hotels which had been converted into hospitals in the months before the photos were taken. The white building on the right side of the photo is the Washington Hotel, sometimes called the Washington Hall. Also visible is the four-story Trout House hotel, the largest in the city and from the balcony of which Jefferson Davis addressed people en route to his inauguration in Montgomery.

In Inset A, we see some of the rooflines of buildings located on Decatur and Line Street (modern-day Edgewood Avenue). Just above the curved roof of the Union Depot (better known as the Car Shed) one can see the Atheneum, a 700-seat auditorium set above J.C. Williams' store and warehouse. By the time this picture was made, the theater had not produced a play for some two years. Instead, its stage was given over to slave and other auctions.

Inset B shows one of the mysterious masts that stood across the city and which are discussed in the special Mysteries section.

Inset C is a sharpened version of the back end of T.M. Clarke's Hardware Store. It looks as if it is paraell to the rear of the Atheneum, but this is an optical illusion caused within Barnard's camera, which tends to flatten perspectives and often makes it difficult to spatially orient these buildings to one another.

Inset D is a packing case loaded onto a wagon. Only the letters "S.E." are legible in the name of the recipient and only the word "Chattanooga" is legible as an address. It appears that either an inventory of the contents, or some other shipping information runs down the left hand side.

Inset E is yet another one of the posters that was plastered across the town and which are discussed in much greater detail in the "Mysteries" section. Whoever put these signs up (and we have a guess as to who it was) apparently had a great sense of humor, if not zeal, in finding just about any possible place to post his signs.

Inset F is another view of Norcross' store, first seen in Picture V1-5 and located at the corner of Marietta and Peachtree streets. The building has been destroyed either by artillery, or fire, or both.

Inset G show what many experts believe to be the spire of St. Luke's Methodist Church just peeking above the upper cupola of the Car Shed. A much better view is found in Picture V4-1b.

This other half of the stereogram allows deeper examination into its details.

In Inset A, one can see what at first glance appears to be three of the masts we have been seeing across town. They seem to be located some distance behind the Car Shed. But when you compare this shot with another view of the masts - there are actually four of them - you can see they are mounted on top of the Car Shed - so my assumption is that they are lightning rods.

Inset B is the most detailed photographic view of the Atheneum which seems to be available from Barnard's photographs. And Inset D seems to be the best view available of the spire of St. Luke's church - however, I have wondered whether this could actually be the First Methodist Church, located near the intersection of Peachtree and Houston streets? It is difficult to orient these buildings to one another because of the flat perspective produced in Barnard's camera.

Inset C shows the cupola of a building peeking out from behind the ruins of Norcross' store. I cannot identify this building, but it appears to have been situated along Peachtree Street. If so, this might have been the house of former mayor and Judge William Ezzard, which was said to have a roof that provided an observational platform for first Confederate and then Federal officers.

Inset E is an enhanced view of a packing crate loaded onto a wagon in the freight yard. The initials "ATL" are somewhat legible in the upper right corner of the box, while the letter "W" can be made out in the upper right. The rest of the markings seem to be columns of numbers, the purpose of which is unknown. Most of the numbers are indistinct, but the second column from the left appears to read "22, 2 and 28."

Inset F is also an enhanced view, this time in an effort to read the manufacturers' markings or other labelings on one of the wagons. These markings are mostly illegible, but it seems the date 1862 is printed in the curving text in the upper part, while the name "PALMMER" is visible below.

Inset G is curious because it seems to show African American children waiting at the Car Shed in the company of other adults. The latest date this photograph could have been taken is in November 1864, by which time all civilians should have been evacuated from the city. This and other pictures Barnard took shows that this is not true, since women and

children are by definition "civilians." It is possible, however, that these are self-liberated "slaves" who have come into the garrisoned city as a refuge and are preparing to be transported north.

Finally, Inset H shows some of the details inside the Car Shed, which was said to be 300 feet long, 100 feet wide and providing shelter for platforms across four tracks. Running down the center of the building were ticket offices, waiting rooms and freight offices.

This is a separate view of the Georgia Railroad freight yard which, like the two views before, is one half of a stereograph. I have chosen that half which provides the most details.

Inset A shows the most prominent of the several masts which appear across the city and which are detailed in the "Mysteries" section.

Inset B shows the the Howe truss bridge across the Railroad Gulch. It was the safest point in town by which a person could cross from the northern to the southern side of town. Otherwise, pedestrians and drovers had to risk the at-grade crossing of the Gulch, through which several dozen trains passed each day - not to mention various pony engines and handcars used by the city's four railroads. This bridge was designed and built in 1858 by William McConnell and replaced one built in 1852.

Inset C shows three frame structures just west of the Concert Hall and north of the Railroad Gulch. There is no information as to whether these were residences or served some other purpose.

Inset D shows the wooden staircase and the sprig-like trees that stood beside the Concert Hall. These features are seen in better detail in supplemental Picture S-4A. In picture, S-2A, seen in View Two, there is a dark scorch mark on the Concert Hall wall where this structure stood.

Inset E shows the Macon and Western Railroad Depot, sometimes called the "Rock Depot" because it was built from stones quarried by Frank Lynch, one of the city's first citizens. It is said the building was designed by Thomas G.W. Cruselle, another pioneer citizen.

Inset F shows a building that appears to be a store located in the area both behind the Intelligencer Building and the Macon and Western (Rock) Depot. In fact, the sign on the building seems to say "book store." According to an 1864 ad in the Atlanta Intelligencer, James McPherson & Co., wholesale and retail book sellers, was located "opposite the Macon & Western Depot."

Inset G shows the two buildings on Broad Street which served as the city's first firehouse, the old and the new. The building to the rear was the original firehouse, built in 1852. Facing it, with the rear facing the viewer, is the building begun at the start of the war to replace the firehouse. Cash

shortages prevented the building from being finished, but light cannon was stored inside the building by the "Atlanta Greys" (Co. F, 8th Ga. Infantry). At the time this photo was taken, the old fire house was being used as a barracks while the new building served as a feed and hay depot.

Previously, we have examined the view westward up the Railroad Gulch from the Georgia Railroad freightyard; this is an eastward view looking back toward the previous vantage point and from a position just west of the Concert Hall.

Inset A is what I believe to the the City Hotel, sometimes referred to (John) KIle's Hotel, which was located on the southeast corner of Loyd and Decatur streets and described by contemporaries as a three-story wooden structure with stores on the ground floor. It apparently became the City Hotel in 1856 when it was acquired - or at least run by - Lemuel Dean of DeKalb County.

Inset B is an enhanced view of the cupola across the roof of the Car Shed, showin the faint lines of the lightning rods attached to it.

Inset C shows a wooden plank crosswalk placed through the Railroad Gulch connecting the norhern and southern ends of Whitehall Street. This was a fairly substantial structure, almost like a bridge built into the ground and there were two of them, one for the west side of Whitehall and one for the east side.

Inset D shows the remnants of one of the many posters we have seen all over town, this one mounted on the small shack in the middle of the Railroad Gulch.

Inset E is an enhanced view of the interior of the Car Shed, showing the one of the structures within. As will be seen in Picture S4-B, this was - like the Car Shed itself - a highly decorated brick structure. The circle shows where the name "Atlanta" has been painted over the door.

Inset F is a structure atop the Concert Hall. It may be some sort of lightning arrest system, but it looks more like a stovepipe. There are no chimneys visible on the roof of the Concert Hall in any of its pictures.

This picture, taken after a steam-powered battering ram was used to demolish the Car Shed, was taken from some part of the portico in front of the Atlanta Hotel. Whitehall Street crosses the Railroad Gulch at the end of the debris and you can see the slope of the south end of Whitehall running up to Alabama Street, which is out of view on the left. In particular you can see some of the same buildings on the west side of Whitehall that can be seen in View Two, particularly the T.R. Ripley Crockery store.

Inset A is a highly enhanced view through the smoke being produced by Federal troops in the process of breaking up the railyard. It is the Western & Atlantic RR depot, which is located west of the city and the subject of Set Four of this presentation. Running in front of it is the Howe truss bridge (Inset B), spanning the hand-dug cut through which northbound trains would pass after leaving the Railroad Gulch. The bridge is also seen in Picture V4-2.

Inset C is a view of the roof of the Concert Hall with what seems to be one of the masts discussed in the "Mysteries" section. If not a mast, then perhaps it is a lightning rod.

Inset D shows the front of the Tomlinson and Barnes Tinsmithing Shop, which is discussed at greater length in the annotations for View Three.

Inset E is a view of one of the buildings that ran down the length of the Car Shed and may be one of the ticket offices. As discussed in Picture S-4A, the brick structure is highly decorated and has the word "Atlanta" painted on the side facing away from the camera.

This view shows what you would see if you were standing beside the Car Shed in the middle of the Railroad Gulch and looking northwestward, toward the Western & Atlantic depot and freightyard. Of course in this picture, the view is blocked by a section of the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment, who were assigned the task of breaking up the railroads in Atlanta in preparation for Sherman's "March to the Sea." The Car Shed to the right of the soldiers has already been brought down by a steam battering ram brought down for just that purpose.

When these soldiers and the rest of Sherman's forces left the city a few days after this photograph was taken, every single building visible in these two pictures were burned or destroyed, making these photographs by George Barnard the only record we have of them in such detail.